Clonony Castle

Situated on top of natural rock outcrop in undulating countryside. Three storey tower (10.75m E-W; 8.2m N-S; wall T 2.1m) built with roughly coursed limestone rubble entered through a rebuilt door in the W wall which is protected by a machicolation now destroyed at wall-walk level with a later inserted window directly below. Inside door there is a murder-hole above with an intramural chamber which is accessed from the first floor. Spiral stairs in the SW angle from which all main chambers are accessed. The main chamber at ground floor level is accessed from the lobby area via a two centred pointed door with finely punch dressed jambs. The vaulted first floor gives access to a garderobe chamber in the NE angle and the intramural chamber in the W wall. Access to third floor via the spiral stairs which is now destroyed. Windows mainly consist of ogee heads with some simple flat and round headed windows. The windows at ground floor have been altered considerably as has the rest of the tower especially the inner bawn wall which appears to be a late 18th/19th-century addition. The bawn wall (OF022-008003-) is attached to the NE corner where it blocks the garderobe chute opening, smaller inner bawn structure in front of the main W door which has crenellations with brick infill and a pointed entrance with steps leading up to it. The round arched main entrance with its crenellated wall appear to be a later construction possibly 19th-century. The main entrance on the W wall of the bawn is constructed from worked stones of another structure possibly an earlier entrance. Two square towers at either end of the W wall with original coat of arms plaque over entrance now removed. Bawn is not depicted on Petries 19th-century drawing of Clonony Castle. Inner bawn of probable mid 19th-century date, while the outer bawn has been rebuilt in places during the 19th century. Mac Coghlan castle mentioned in the A.F.M in 1519 (ITA Survey 1942). (Anon 1868-69, 85-7; Cooke 1875, 330-32; O' Flanagan 1933, vol. 1, 85; Harbison 1970, 205)

Archaeological testing under licence no. 03E1292 in advance of the development of a programme of conservation and renovation of Clonony Castle, Clonony More, Co. Offaly, was carried out. The early 16th-century three-storey tower-house, with later 18th/19th-century inner and outer bawn areas, has been acquired by a new owner, who intends to renovate the structure as a private residence. Clonony Castle was one of several tower-houses in the possession of the MacCoughlan family, whose power base was in West Offaly during the 16th century. In the 17th century it came into the possession of Matthew De Renzi as part of the plantation of Delvin MacCoughlan. By the early to mid-19th century the castle had come into the possession of Edmond Maloney, who set about converting it to a more ornate residence. This included the enlarging of many of the original narrow opes of the tower-house and possibly the construction of the inner and outer bawn walls and the ancillary buildings that currently surround the structure on the west, south and east sides. Four trenches were manually excavated at different locations within the structure, to establish the nature and extent of original fabric beneath later adhesions. Trench 1 was located in the south-east corner of the parapeted walkway and measured 1.5m north-south by 1.3m. The trench revealed the presence of a slate cladding applied to the wall-walk, above the original wall fabric, protecting it and the modified wall plate from weathering. This work probably took place as part of the early 19th-century works to the castle and may represent a repeat of the earlier water management of the walkway. Trench 2 was located in the north-eastern corner of the second floor of the castle and measured 1m by 1m. It revealed that the original medieval fill of the vault is largely intact beneath the modern silty sediment, at a depth of 0.2m below the present floor level. The upper part of the vault fill has been partially quarried out with shallow, linear shafts, which acted as bedding for later 19th-century floor joists. Trench 3 was located in the western corner of the ground floor and measured 1.6m north-west/south-east by 1.2m. The earliest surviving clay floor surface of the castle was uncovered at a depth of 0.35m below the present floor level. It was covered with a thick layer of stony rubble, laid down as a make-up layer for the higher 19th-century floor level. Trench 4 was located in the doorway in the south wall of the ground floor, within an enlarged former window embrasure. The trench measured 2m north-south by 1.5m and was excavated to a depth of 0.24m below present ground level. The compacted upper metalled surface of the 19th-century floor was revealed in this trench; it was not removed (Excavations Bulletin 2003).

Daniel Noonan, The Archaeology Company, Birr Technology Centre, Mill Island, Birr, Co. Offaly.

Test-trenching was carried out under licence no. 04E1042 as part of the planning schedule for a single-house development adjacent to a tower-house (SMR 22:8) at Clonony More, Shannon Harbour. A series of trenches were excavated by mechanical digger at the house site, entrance and percolation area. No features or finds of archaeological significance were revealed (Excavations Bulletin 2004).

John Purcell, 17 Balmoral Terrace, Dillon's Cross, Cork.